Light Emitting Diodes, commonly known as LEDs. A light-emitting diode is just a tiny light bulb. But unlike common incandescent light bulbs, LEDs don’t have a filament and don’t get very hot. They glow simply by the movement of electrons in the semiconductor material. Because the LED has no filament to burn out, it has a longer lifespan. And the small plastic bulb of the light-emitting diode makes the light-emitting diode more durable, and the LED can more easily fit into the current electronic circuit. The lighting process of traditional incandescent lamps involves generating a lot of heat, which is a complete waste of energy. Light-emitting diodes emit very little heat. Relatively speaking, the more electricity that emits light directly, the greater the reduction in the demand for electricity.
Light is a form of energy, one that can be released by atoms. It is made up of small bundles of tiny particles that have energy and power but no quality. These particles, called photons, are the most basic unit of light. Photons are released because electrons move. In an atom, electrons move in orbits around the atom. Electrons have different energies in different orbital functions. Normally, electrons with higher energies orbit away from nucleons. When an electron jumps from a lower orbital to a higher orbital, the energy level increases, and conversely, the electron releases energy as it falls from a higher orbital function to a lower orbital function. Energy is released in the form of photons. A higher energy drop releases a higher energy photon, which is characterized by its high frequency.
Free electrons fall into empty electron holes from the P-type layer through the diode. This involves falling from the conduction band to a lower orbital function, so the electrons release energy in the form of photons. This happens in any diode, and when the diode is made of something, you can only see photons. Atoms in standard silicon diodes, for example, are arranged in this way when electrons fall into relatively short distances. As a result, the human eye cannot see due to the low frequency of the electrons.
In visible light LEDs, such as those used in digital display clocks, the size of the gap determines the frequency of the photons, in other words the color of the light. When all diodes emit light, most are not very efficient. In ordinary diodes, the semiconductor material itself ends up attracting a lot of light energy. The LED is covered by a plastic bulb that concentrates the light in a specific direction.
The price of semiconductor parts has been greatly reduced in the past 10 years, and it is believed that light-emitting diodes will be a more cost-effective lighting option in a wider range of applications in the future.